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	<title>IdeasCategory: Health &#38; Science &#124; Ideas &#124; TIME.com</title>
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		<title>IdeasCategory: Health &#38; Science &#124; Ideas &#124; TIME.com</title>
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		<title>Angelina&#8217;s Mastectomy: Altered Bodies Are Already the Norm</title>
		<link>http://ideas.time.com/2013/05/15/angelinas-surgery-altered-body-parts-are-already-the-norm/</link>
		<comments>http://ideas.time.com/2013/05/15/angelinas-surgery-altered-body-parts-are-already-the-norm/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 15 May 2013 20:23:12 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Erika Christakis</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Arts & Entertainment]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Fashion]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Health & Science]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Medicine]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Pop Culture]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[angelina]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Angelina Jolie]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[breast reconstruction]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[mastectomy]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Oscar Pistorius]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://ideas.time.com/?p=32487</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Angelina Jolie’s disclosure of her recent preventive double mastectomy and breast reconstruction was rightly hailed as a sensible public health message to women “living under the shadow of cancer.” But the gesture may signal something else: a growing tolerance for altered bodies, and even a new standard in which beauty and disfigurement are no longer mutually exclusive. (MORE: Angelina Jolie and the Tricky Calculus of Cancer Testing) In her article, Jolie described post-operative drain tubes, tissue expanders and nipple preservation and admitted to feeling, “like a scene out of a science-fiction film.” But it’s not science fiction at all. Millions of Americans, including scores of celebrities, have undergone similarly invasive surgeries and are living successfully with all kinds of artificial and altered body parts, eroding the distinction between the real and unreal. Some are reconstructions, like the groundbreaking artificial windpipe recently created for a two year-old girl from a mix of plastic fibers and her own stem cells. Others, such as breast augmentation, are more strictly cosmetic. The American Society of Plastic Surgeons estimates that more than 300,000 breast augmentations were done in 2011 alone, a 45 percent increase since 2001 and the most common form of cosmetic surgery in the United States. Combined with breast lifts (100,000 per year) and reconstructions like Jolie’s (another 100,000), that’s a lot of surgically transformed breasts. This altered reality has become the ‘new normal’ to such an extent that casting directors now despair of finding actresses who look natural enough for period films. (MORE: Looking Good on Facebook: Social Media Leads to Spikes in Plastic Surgery Requests) It&#8217;s hard to remember that not long ago there was such deep aversion to body tampering that even tatoos and piercings were considered mutilations reserved for people on the margins of society, such as pirates and prostitutes. An infamous &#8220;Mad Men&#8221; episode winked at that bygone era when an ad executive was fired because he had lost a foot to a rogue lawnmower. Fortunately, we are more enlightened these days and amputations no longer have the stigma<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=ideas.time.com&#038;blog=27622548&#038;post=32487&#038;subd=timeopinions&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
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		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
	<primary_category>Pop Culture</primary_category><primary_category_link>http://ideas.time.com/category/arts-entertainment/pop-culture/</primary_category_link><featured_image>http://timeopinions.files.wordpress.com/2013/05/rtr2wcba.jpg?w=240</featured_image>
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			<media:title type="html">Angelina Jolie and Brad Pitt pose for photographers as they arrive at the 69th annual Golden Globe Awards in Beverly Hills, Calif., on Jan. 15, 2012.</media:title>
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			<media:title type="html">ruthdaviskonigsberg</media:title>
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		<title>Viewpoint: The Breast-Feeding Police Are Wrong About Formula</title>
		<link>http://ideas.time.com/2013/05/13/viewpoint-the-breastfeeding-police-are-wrong-about-formula/</link>
		<comments>http://ideas.time.com/2013/05/13/viewpoint-the-breastfeeding-police-are-wrong-about-formula/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 13 May 2013 18:50:42 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Amy Tuteur, M.D.</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Children]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Family]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Health & Science]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Life & Style]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Medicine]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Public Health]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[breastfeeding]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[formula]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[supplement]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://ideas.time.com/?p=32396</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Pediatric researchers at the University of California, San Francisco, have just discovered something that anthropologists (and moms around the world) have known for years. You do not have to go all or nothing on breast-feeding in the very beginning in order to breast-feed successfully long term. (MORE: How Formula Could Increase Breast-Feeding Rates) In fact, a new paper in the journal Pediatrics has found that early limited formula feeding actually increases the rate of long-term exclusive breast-feeding. The difference was quite dramatic. A total of 79% of 3-month-old infants who received early supplementation were being breast-fed exclusively, while only 42% of babies who received no supplements were still being exclusively breast-fed at 3 months old. The study involved only a small number of infants, all of whom were losing weight at a rapid rate as newborns, but the findings may have implications for all breast-feeding mothers. Breast-feeding activists have long argued that supplementation is detrimental to breast-feeding. It is a position that has been codified in the Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative (“Give infants no food or drink other than breast milk, unless medically indicated&#8221;) and programs like New York City’s Latch on NYC, which goes so far as to lock up formula as if it were a dangerous drug. (MORE: Breast-Feeding Wars: Why Locking Up Baby Formula Is a Bad Idea) What&#8217;s interesting to note is the fact that many other cultures — some with much higher breast-feeding rates than ours — infants are given other liquids until a mother&#8217;s milk comes in. According to a review of 25 previously published studies of tens of thousands of mother-infants pairs in such countries as India, China, Nigeria and Saudi Arabia, a significant portion of women (from 25% to 50%) delayed breast-feeding for an average of 66 hours. Many of these infants received supplemental fluids, some of which are even imputed to have ritual significance. One of the greatest barriers to breast-feeding in this country is the unreasonable expectations set by breast-feeding advocates. They are loathe to admit that many babies may benefit from<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=ideas.time.com&#038;blog=27622548&#038;post=32396&#038;subd=timeopinions&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
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		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
	<primary_category>Public Health</primary_category><primary_category_link>http://ideas.time.com/category/health-science/public-health/</primary_category_link><featured_image>http://timeopinions.files.wordpress.com/2013/05/109029469.jpg?w=240</featured_image>
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			<media:title type="html">Women breastfeed their babies at the Hir</media:title>
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			<media:title type="html">timecontributor</media:title>
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		<title>Viewpoint: Don&#8217;t Call The Planet &#8216;Mother&#8217; Earth</title>
		<link>http://ideas.time.com/2013/05/10/viewpoint-dont-call-the-planet-mother-earth/</link>
		<comments>http://ideas.time.com/2013/05/10/viewpoint-dont-call-the-planet-mother-earth/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 10 May 2013 09:46:28 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Dominique Browning</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Environment]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Health & Science]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[environment]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Mother Earth]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Mother's Day]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://ideas.time.com/?p=32244</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[As soon as reminders for Mother’s Day pop up on calendars, environmentally minded writers get invitations to weigh in on our love for Mother Earth. I’m refusing them all. Referring to our planet as Mother Earth gives us a false — and dangerous — sense of security. (MORE: Viewpoint: Mother&#8217;s and Father&#8217;s Day Play Off Sex Stereotypes) Yes, we humans crawled out of some dark stew of primal ooze. In that sense, Earth is our mother — and of course we are nurtured by the food that springs from her. We expect mothers to love us. Mothers care, they protect. Mothers are even willing to give their lives, if that&#8217;s what it takes so that their young can survive. New parents know that profound alteration, that ready sense of ferocity and tenderness that must be at the heart of what we call mother love. Once we have babies, we might as well take our hearts out of our chests and pin them on our sleeves — that&#8217;s how vulnerable we can feel. But our planet could care less about us. We have a Mother Earth who is totally agnostic at best. She could care less who or what is creeping and crawling over her warm belly: humans or cockroaches. (MORE: Beepocalypse Redux: Honeybees are Still Dying—and We Still Don&#8217;t Know Why) We keep forgetting this. By anthropomorphizing our planet, we lull ourselves into thinking that those marvelous ecosystems that have sustained us for so many centuries us will magically right themselves, that Mother Earth will take the abuse we mete out and adjust herself to take account of us. And she has, of course — all those lovely carbon sinks filling up with our slop. But only to a point. Somewhere deep inside, we have a hard time wrapping our minds around the fact that our planet could become inhospitable to human life. It&#8217;s magical thinking, reinforced by terms like Mother Earth. Heavens knows that having a Mother Earth sure doesn&#8217;t mean we&#8217;ve taken good care of her. I won&#8217;t even begin<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=ideas.time.com&#038;blog=27622548&#038;post=32244&#038;subd=timeopinions&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
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		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
	<primary_category>Environment</primary_category><primary_category_link>http://ideas.time.com/category/health-science/environment/</primary_category_link><featured_image>http://timeopinions.files.wordpress.com/2013/05/globe_west_2048.jpeg?w=240</featured_image>
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			<media:title type="html">Planet Earth</media:title>
		</media:content>

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			<media:title type="html">timecontributor</media:title>
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		<title>How to Perform in a Clutch</title>
		<link>http://ideas.time.com/2013/05/08/how-to-perform-in-a-clutch/</link>
		<comments>http://ideas.time.com/2013/05/08/how-to-perform-in-a-clutch/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 08 May 2013 14:19:56 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Annie Murphy Paul</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Health & Science]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Psychology]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[affirmation]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[self-affirmation]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[stress]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[values]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[willpower]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://ideas.time.com/?p=32091</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Life is full of vulnerable moments — occasions when we feel off-balance, unsure of ourselves and our abilities — and in these moments we are likely to perform less well than we might. Social psychologists have developed a simple activity, called a values affirmation, that can intervene in such situations to restore our sense of equilibrium. Here&#8217;s how it works: Make a list of the values that matter most to you, or for 10 minutes, write in-depth about a value that is central to your life. Perhaps it&#8217;s your close relationship with your family, or your skill with a camera or in the kitchen, or your strong religious faith. What matters is that it&#8217;s your value, your identity. (MORE: How Powerful People Think) It&#8217;s a quick and simple exercise, but numerous studies have shown that it can have tremendous effects. Some of the things a values affirmation can do: 1. Tamp down stress. A study led by psychologist Traci Mann of UCLA found that participants who affirmed their values had significantly lower cortisol responses to stress compared with control participants. &#8220;These findings suggest that reflecting on personal values can keep neuroendocrine and psychological responses to stress at low levels,&#8221; Mann and her coauthors write. 2. Strengthen willpower. In a study published in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology in 2009, researchers found that affirming one&#8217;s values can replenish willpower when it&#8217;s been depleted by repeated acts of self-control. The researchers conclude: &#8220;Self-affirmation holds promise as a mental strategy that reduces the likelihood of self-control failure.&#8221; (MORE: How to Use the “Pygmalion Effect”) 3. Increase openness. Joshua Correll of the University of Chicago found that a values-affirmation exercise allowed subjects in his study to objectively evaluate information that would otherwise evoke a defensive reaction. The participants became less biased in favor of their own position, and more discriminating in evaluating the strength or weakness of arguments made by others. 4. Improve accuracy. In a study published in the journal Psychological Science in 2012, researcher Michael Inzlicht of the University of Toronto and his<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=ideas.time.com&#038;blog=27622548&#038;post=32091&#038;subd=timeopinions&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
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		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
	<primary_category>Brilliant: The Science of Smart</primary_category><primary_category_link>http://ideas.time.com/category/health-science/brilliant-the-science-of-smart/</primary_category_link>
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			<media:title type="html">timeideasbrilliant</media:title>
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		<title>Viewpoint: The New Food Police Are Out of Touch</title>
		<link>http://ideas.time.com/2013/05/06/viewpoint-the-new-food-police-are-out-of-touch/</link>
		<comments>http://ideas.time.com/2013/05/06/viewpoint-the-new-food-police-are-out-of-touch/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 06 May 2013 16:46:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Jayson Lusk</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Arts & Entertainment]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Books]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Food]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Health & Science]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Life & Style]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Public Health]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Alice Waters]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Mark Bittman]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Michael Pollan]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://ideas.time.com/?p=32077</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Correction Appended: May 6, 2013 Many people who do not work in the food industry get their information about agriculture, directly or indirectly, from a small handful of food-culture movers and shakers like the journalists Michael Pollan and Michael Moss, the restaurateur Alice Waters or the cookbook author and food writer Mark Bittman. Their writings have graced the pages of the New York Times and topped the charts of the best-seller lists, they’ve made appearances on Oprah and Dr. Oz, and increasingly they have the ears of politicians. We can be thankful that these folks have reminded us of the joys of cooking, of fresh food, and the long-term health of our families and the environment. The resurgence of farmers’ markets and the availability of heirloom tomatoes, free-range eggs and organics owe at least some of their success to the food movement they’ve backed. (MORE: The Hypocrisy of Foodies: Restaurant-Worker Abuse) But somewhere along the way, the values of convenience and thrift took a backseat. In his new book, Cooked, Pollan says that we should head back to the kitchen and reclaim &#8220;cooking as an act of enjoyment and self-reliance, learning to perform the magic of these everyday transformations.&#8221; Yes, cooking can be virtuous and fun. But, it can also be drudgery for a mother and father working full-time with hungry mouths to feed. The data reveal that in the 1960s, a housewife spent more than two hours each day in meal-related cooking and cleaning, but by the 1990s, the time spent on these chores was cut in half. Innovations in food technology and processing have made life much easier, and it is one of the reasons many women today can seek work and fulfillment outside the home. Then there is the cost of food. In 2011, Bittman wrote that the prices of many foods are &#8220;unjustifiably low.&#8221; But almost 15% of U.S. households are food insecure, which means many households have trouble affording enough food to eat. At the same time, a near record number of Americans are today on food stamps<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=ideas.time.com&#038;blog=27622548&#038;post=32077&#038;subd=timeopinions&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
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		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
	<primary_category>Life &amp; Style</primary_category><primary_category_link>http://ideas.time.com/category/life-style/</primary_category_link><featured_image>http://timeopinions.files.wordpress.com/2013/05/wpjm3097-001.jpg?w=240</featured_image>
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			<media:title type="html">JM3097-001</media:title>
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			<media:title type="html">timecontributor</media:title>
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		<title>Viewpoint: Plan B Is Very Misunderstood</title>
		<link>http://ideas.time.com/2013/05/03/viewpoint-plan-b-is-very-misunderstood/</link>
		<comments>http://ideas.time.com/2013/05/03/viewpoint-plan-b-is-very-misunderstood/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 03 May 2013 09:45:40 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Cecile Richards</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Health & Science]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Medicine]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Obama Administration]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Politics]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Public Health]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Sex]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Cecile Richards]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[emergency contraception]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[how does plan b work]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Plan B]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[planned parenthood]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://ideas.time.com/?p=32015</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Emergency contraception — which is just one more form of birth control — is in the headlines this week, with the Obama Administration’s decision to expand access by making it available over the counter, while at the same time still requiring that you must be 15 or older to buy it. This is an important moment for women’s health, and it’s a good time to step back and get clarity about what emergency contraception actually is and why it matters so much. (MORE: Critics and Supporters React to Decision to Expand OTC Access to Plan B) Emergency contraception is not “the abortion pill.” Like other forms of birth control, it prevents pregnancy from happening in the first place. Specifically, emergency contraception postpones ovulation, so that sperm does not come into contact with an egg. Pregnancy does not occur immediately after sex. It can take up to six days for an egg and a sperm to meet after having sex — a critical window of time during which pregnancy can still be prevented. One in 10 women of reproductive age has used emergency contraception. Women use it in a variety of circumstances, including if their partner’s condom breaks, if they missed or forgot to take their regular birth control, or if they are sexually assaulted. (MORE: New Availability of Plan B Makes Philadelphia Abortion Doc an Anachronism) When a woman needs emergency contraception, time is critical. Until now, emergency contraception has been kept behind pharmacy counters because of age restrictions, which creates barriers for women of all ages because pharmacy counters usually aren’t open as long as the rest of the drugstore, lines are longer, and interactions with staff can be more complicated. Earlier this week, the Food and Drug Administration announced that it approved plans to move emergency contraception out from behind the pharmacy counter and make it available to people ages 15 and older, with valid identification. This is an important step forward, and it will help more women of all ages prevent unintended pregnancy. But we need to<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=ideas.time.com&#038;blog=27622548&#038;post=32015&#038;subd=timeopinions&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
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	<primary_category>Sex</primary_category><primary_category_link>http://ideas.time.com/category/life-style/sex/</primary_category_link><featured_image>http://timeopinions.files.wordpress.com/2013/05/165732620.jpg?w=240</featured_image>
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			<media:title type="html">Plan B</media:title>
		</media:content>

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			<media:title type="html">timecontributor</media:title>
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		<title>New Availability of Plan B Makes Philadelphia Abortion Doc an Anachronism</title>
		<link>http://ideas.time.com/2013/05/01/viewpoint-philadelphia-abortion-doc-kermit-gosnell-is-an-anachronism/</link>
		<comments>http://ideas.time.com/2013/05/01/viewpoint-philadelphia-abortion-doc-kermit-gosnell-is-an-anachronism/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 01 May 2013 09:45:25 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Arthur Caplan</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[American Cities]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Crime]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Health & Science]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Life & Style]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Medicine]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Public Health]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Society]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[U.S.]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Kermit Gosnell]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[late-term abotion]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Philadelphia Abortion Doctor]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://ideas.time.com/?p=31919</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Kermit Gosnell — the doctor who is on trial for killing a patient, four newborn babies, and performing numerous illegal abortions in a cesspool of a clinic in West Philadelphia—is many things.  He is inept, according to many who work for him. He did monstrous things — according to eyewitnesses, he severed the spinal cords of liveborn babies because he did not know what he was doing in trying to end late-term pregnancies. He is a doctor indifferent to patient welfare as, according to witness after witness, he had inadequately trained staff use inappropriate assemblyline care for those who came to see him. And Kermit Gosnell is a pawn in the nation’s ongoing moral war over elective abortion.  Those who oppose abortion see in him all that is wrong with allowing the choice to end pregnancy.  Those who defend the right to choice see in him all that is wrong when efforts to restrict access to abortion and push the procedure out of the medical mainstream produce filthy third-world level facilities staffed by hacks and charlatans. As both pro-choice and pro-life forces attempt to put Kermit Gosnell to use to argue the moral rectitude of their position, and the jury in his trial continues to deliberate, there is a danger that we will lose sight of what Kermit Gosnell really is — an anachronism. (MORE: Abortion Doctor&#8217;s Murder Trial Sparks Media Debate) Gosnell should certainly go to jail — and in all likelihood, he will. The hardened veteran police who raided his clinic were overwhelmed with emotion and anger at what they found there. But technology is making it less and less likely that the public face of abortion in the future will bear any resemblance to Kermit Gosnell and his backroom butchershop. Gosnell was a stop of last resort for woman late in their pregnancies. They sought an abortion past the point of fetal viability — a choice illegal in Pennsylvania and throughout the United States. For these women, Gosnell and his ilk are their only option. But regardless<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=ideas.time.com&#038;blog=27622548&#038;post=31919&#038;subd=timeopinions&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
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	<primary_category>Society</primary_category><primary_category_link>http://ideas.time.com/category/life-style/society/</primary_category_link><featured_image>http://timeopinions.files.wordpress.com/2013/04/ap962674139442.jpg?w=240</featured_image>
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			<media:title type="html">Kermit Gosnell</media:title>
		</media:content>

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			<media:title type="html">timecontributor</media:title>
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		<title>Learning From Mistakes Is Harder Than We Think</title>
		<link>http://ideas.time.com/2013/04/29/learning-from-mistakes-is-harder-than-we-think/</link>
		<comments>http://ideas.time.com/2013/04/29/learning-from-mistakes-is-harder-than-we-think/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 29 Apr 2013 15:35:35 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Annie Murphy Paul</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Health & Science]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Psychology]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[beliefs]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[cognitive dissonance]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[learning]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[misconceptions]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[mistakes]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[reality]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[refutation]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://ideas.time.com/?p=31849</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[&#8220;Often mistaken, never in doubt.&#8221; That wry phrase describes us all more than we&#8217;d like to admit. The psychological study of misconceptions shows that all of us possess many beliefs that are flawed or flat-out wrong — and also that we cling to these fallacies with remarkable tenacity. As a result, just hearing the correct explanation isn&#8217;t enough. Most methods of instruction and training assume that if you provide people with the right information, it will replace any mistaken information listeners may already possess. But especially when our previous beliefs (even though faulty) have proved useful to us, and when they appear to be confirmed by everyday experience, we are reluctant to let them go. Donna Alvermann, a language and literacy researcher at the University of Georgia, notes that in study after study, &#8220;students ignored correct textual information when it conflicted with their previously held concepts. On measures of free recall and recognition, the students consistently let their incorrect prior knowledge override incoming correct information.&#8221; (MORE: Born to Be Bright: Is There a Gene for Learning?) It&#8217;s what our mothers called &#8220;in one ear and out the other.&#8221; We have to actively disabuse ourselves or others of erroneous conceptions, and research from cognitive science and psychology points the way. Although much of this research concerns misguided notions of how the physical world works, the techniques it has produced can be used to correct any sort of deficient understanding. Here, three ways to make that new information push out the old: Highlight the mistaken notion. The simplest way to correct mistaken notions is to point them out as the accurate information is being presented. In a 2010 article in the International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education, researcher Christine Tippett offers an example from a science book for children: &#8220;Some people believe that a camel stores water in its hump. They think that the hump gets smaller as the camel uses up water. But this idea is not true. The hump stores fat and grows smaller only if the camel has<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=ideas.time.com&#038;blog=27622548&#038;post=31849&#038;subd=timeopinions&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
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	<primary_category>Psychology</primary_category><primary_category_link>http://ideas.time.com/category/health-science/psychology/</primary_category_link><featured_image>http://timeopinions.files.wordpress.com/2013/04/wrong.jpg?w=240</featured_image>
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			<media:title type="html">wrong</media:title>
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			<media:title type="html">timeideasbrilliant</media:title>
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		<title>The Hypocrisy of Foodies: Restaurant Worker Abuse</title>
		<link>http://ideas.time.com/2013/04/26/the-hypocrisy-of-foodies-restaurant-worker-abuse/</link>
		<comments>http://ideas.time.com/2013/04/26/the-hypocrisy-of-foodies-restaurant-worker-abuse/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 26 Apr 2013 09:45:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Anya Sacharow</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Food]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Health & Science]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Labor]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Society]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[fair pay]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[food workers]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[foodborne illness]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[minimum wage]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[restaurant workers]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[restaurants]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[servers]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://ideas.time.com/?p=31766</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Our growing, conscientious food culture has put a priority on eating all things sustainable, local, organic and free-range. Though most foodies would never step foot in a McDonald&#8217;s, they would happily eat at a farm-to-table restaurant where food is sourced according to the highest standards. And yet, here&#8217;s the unspoken hypocrisy. We give more thought to how the chickens and cows on our plate have been treated than we do about the people who cook and serve our food. Restaurant workers hold six of the 10 lowest-paying occupations in the U.S., earning less, on average, than farm workers and domestic workers. Just 20% of restaurant jobs pay a living wage, and women, people of color and immigrants are often barred from getting these living-wage positions. It is &#8220;the chasm between American food values and business practices,&#8221; writes Saru Jayaraman, founder of Restaurant Opportunities Centers United and author of the new book Behind the Kitchen Door. (MORE: Can We Drink Soda Responsibly?) The restaurant industry can&#8217;t blame the recession: it&#8217;s one of the largest and fastest-growing sectors of the U.S. economy, with annual job-growth rate of 3.4% in 2012, double the growth rate of overall U.S. employment. At the same time, the federal minimum wage for tipped workers has remained at $2.13 an hour for more than 20 years. In 2010, the median wage for restaurant workers was $9.02 an hour, including tips, which amounts to a wage below the federal poverty line for a family of four. Jayaraman cites examples of rampant exploitation and discrimination. Light-skinned employees are regularly hired and promoted above darker-skinned employees, even when the latter may have more experience and knowledge of the menu and serving customers. Abusive labor practices also prevent restaurant workers from benefits such as sick days, which subsequently poses a serious public-health threat. In 2011, the CDC reported that almost 12% of restaurant workers said that they worked while suffering from flu symptoms, vomiting, or diarrhea on two or more shifts in the last year. Not surprisingly, the CDC also cited restaurants as the<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=ideas.time.com&#038;blog=27622548&#038;post=31766&#038;subd=timeopinions&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
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	<primary_category>Society</primary_category><primary_category_link>http://ideas.time.com/category/life-style/society/</primary_category_link><featured_image>http://timeopinions.files.wordpress.com/2013/04/picture-1.png?w=240</featured_image>
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			<media:title type="html">Waitress</media:title>
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		<title>Has Greek Yogurt Jumped the Shark?</title>
		<link>http://ideas.time.com/2013/04/24/has-greek-yogurt-jumped-the-shark/</link>
		<comments>http://ideas.time.com/2013/04/24/has-greek-yogurt-jumped-the-shark/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 24 Apr 2013 09:45:03 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Joanne Chen</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Food]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Health & Science]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[acai berries]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[agave nectar]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[greek yogurt]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[healthy food]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Michael Psilakis]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[milk]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[scam]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://ideas.time.com/?p=31606</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[America&#8217;s love affair with Greek yogurt is reaching a fever pitch. All told, we’re spending $1.6 billion on this once obscure dairy product, according to a Packaged Facts report released in March — a whopping 50% more than last year. A total of 35% of all yogurt we buy today is Greek, up from only 1% in 2007. Perhaps betting that our current infatuation has left consumers all fuzzy-brained, marketers are slapping the “Greek yogurt” label onto almost everything — from sugary cereals and veggie dip to snack cakes and butter. But as history has proved, health halos are inevitably followed by backlash. We saw it with agave nectar. We saw it with acai berries. Both were tasty products with upstanding health merits, but with the media breathlessly touting them as quasi-miracle foods and companies cramming them into anything you can sink your teeth into, neither food could have possibly lived up to the hype. (MORE: Smooth Operator: How Chobani Spread Greek Yogurt Across America) I’d hate to see that happen to Greek yogurt. True purists like Michael Psilakis, a first-generation American chef of five Greek-inspired New York restaurants, points out that the yogurt that is enjoyed deep in the rural villages of Greece is, in fact, full-fat and strained from goat’s milk. But even so, Americanized Greek yogurt, made from cows and usually low fat or nonfat, has wonderful credentials as a stand-alone supermarket staple. In the U.S., Greek yogurt is expected to mean that it&#8217;s treated with live and active bacterial cultures — hence, its digestive-health benefits. It’s also expected to be strained to such an extent that most of the water and whey are eliminated — hence, its richer texture and tangier taste. (I say “expected” because the Food and Drug Administration provides no standard definition for Greek yogurt; the high court of England and Wales, in contrast, just last month declared that Greek yogurt must come from Greece.) You need two to four times more milk to make Greek yogurt compared with regular yogurt, and because it packs around twice<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=ideas.time.com&#038;blog=27622548&#038;post=31606&#038;subd=timeopinions&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
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	<primary_category>Food</primary_category><primary_category_link>http://ideas.time.com/category/life-style/food/</primary_category_link><featured_image>http://timeopinions.files.wordpress.com/2013/04/hbo1.jpg?w=240</featured_image>
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			<media:title type="html">HBO</media:title>
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			<media:title type="html">timecontributor</media:title>
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		<title>How Powerful People Think</title>
		<link>http://ideas.time.com/2013/04/22/how-powerful-people-think/</link>
		<comments>http://ideas.time.com/2013/04/22/how-powerful-people-think/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 22 Apr 2013 17:05:48 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Annie Murphy Paul</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Health & Science]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Psychology]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[job interviews]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[leaders]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[leadership]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[management]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[power]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[powerful people]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://ideas.time.com/?p=31598</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Successful leaders often seem to have sharper minds than the rest of us — isn&#8217;t that how they got to the top in the first place? While we often assume that people become powerful because of their superior thinking skills, research shows that the relationship flows in the other direction as well: Power changes the way a person thinks, making them better at focusing on relevant information, integrating disparate pieces of knowledge, and identifying hidden patterns than people who are powerless. People who feel powerful also show improved &#8220;executive functioning&#8221;: They are better able to concentrate, plan, inhibit unhelpful impulses and flexibly adapt to change. (MORE: The 2013 TIME 100) A sense of power &#8220;has dramatic effects on thought and behavior,&#8221; writes Adam Galinsky, a professor at Columbia Business School, in a 2011 article in the journal Psychological Science. Indeed, &#8220;being in a high-power role transforms people psychologically.&#8221; The good news is that we don&#8217;t have to wait until we&#8217;re the boss to reap the mental rewards of powerfulness. Here, three ways to take advantage of the power of power: 1. Find a role in which you feel powerful. All of us can identify some area of life in which we&#8217;re able to take the lead — and once we do so, changes in how we think and act will follow. &#8220;The social roles people inhabit can change their most basic cognitive processes,&#8221; notes Pamela Smith, a social psychologist at Radboud University in the Netherlands. Studies show that when people are assigned to the manager role (in a real organization or in one simulated in the lab), they immediately become more likely to act decisively, to take risks, to persist on tasks they take up, and to think more abstractly and optimistically. This has implications for how we treat others — students, employees, offspring — as well, suggesting that we should reverse the usual practice of waiting until individuals prove themselves worthy of holding power. Empowering people now, by giving them more control and autonomy, will lead them to think and<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=ideas.time.com&#038;blog=27622548&#038;post=31598&#038;subd=timeopinions&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
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		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
	<primary_category>Psychology</primary_category><primary_category_link>http://ideas.time.com/category/health-science/psychology/</primary_category_link><featured_image>http://timeopinions.files.wordpress.com/2013/04/powerful.jpg?w=240</featured_image>
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			<media:title type="html">Business man looking out window of corner office</media:title>
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			<media:title type="html">timeideasbrilliant</media:title>
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		<title>How to Stimulate Curiosity</title>
		<link>http://ideas.time.com/2013/04/15/how-to-stimulate-curiosity/</link>
		<comments>http://ideas.time.com/2013/04/15/how-to-stimulate-curiosity/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 15 Apr 2013 16:18:52 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Annie Murphy Paul</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Education]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Health & Science]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Psychology]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[communication]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[curiosity]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[information gap]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[learning]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[motivator]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://ideas.time.com/?p=31311</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Curiosity is the engine of intellectual achievement — it&#8217;s what drives us to keep learning, keep trying, keep pushing forward. But how does one generate curiosity, in oneself or others? George Loewenstein, a professor of economics and psychology at Carnegie Mellon University, proposed an answer in the classic 1994 paper, &#8220;The Psychology of Curiosity.&#8221; Curiosity arises, Loewenstein wrote, &#8220;when attention becomes focused on a gap in one&#8217;s knowledge. Such information gaps produce the feeling of deprivation labeled curiosity. The curious individual is motivated to obtain the missing information to reduce or eliminate the feeling of deprivation.&#8221; Loewenstein&#8217;s theory helps explain why curiosity is such a potent motivator: it&#8217;s not only a mental state but also an emotion, a powerful feeling that impels us forward until we find the information that will fill in the gap in our knowledge. (MORE: Secrets of the Most Successful College Students) Here, three practical ways to use information gaps to stimulate curiosity: 1. Start with the question. Cognitive scientist Daniel Willingham notes that teachers — along with parents, managers, and leaders of all kinds — are often &#8220;so eager to get to the answer that we do not devote sufficient time to developing the question,&#8221; Willingham writes in his book, Why Don&#8217;t Students Like School? Yet it&#8217;s the question that stimulates curiosity; being told an answer quells curiosity before it can even get going. Instead of starting with the answer, begin by posing for yourself and others a genuinely interesting question — one that opens an information gap. (MORE: How to Raise a Group&#8217;s IQ) 2. Prime the pump. In his 1994 paper, George Loewenstein noted that curiosity requires some initial knowledge. We&#8217;re not curious about something we know absolutely nothing about. But as soon as we know even a little bit, our curiosity is piqued and we want to learn more. In fact, research shows that curiosity increases with knowledge: the more we know, the more we want to know. To get this process started, Loewenstein suggests, &#8220;prime the pump&#8221; with some intriguing but incomplete<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=ideas.time.com&#038;blog=27622548&#038;post=31311&#038;subd=timeopinions&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
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		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
	<primary_category>Psychology</primary_category><primary_category_link>http://ideas.time.com/category/health-science/psychology/</primary_category_link><featured_image>http://timeopinions.files.wordpress.com/2013/04/curiosity.jpg?w=240</featured_image>
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			<media:title type="html">Curiosity</media:title>
		</media:content>

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			<media:title type="html">timeideasbrilliant</media:title>
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		<title>Do Human Genes Belong to People or Corporations?</title>
		<link>http://ideas.time.com/2013/04/15/do-human-genes-belong-to-people-or-corporations/</link>
		<comments>http://ideas.time.com/2013/04/15/do-human-genes-belong-to-people-or-corporations/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 15 Apr 2013 09:45:40 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Adam Cohen</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Case Study]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Health & Science]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Medicine]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Public Health]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[U.S.]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[BRCA1]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[BRCA2]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[genes]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Myriad]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[patent]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://ideas.time.com/?p=31271</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Should corporations be able to patent human genes — parts of the human body that reside in all of us? The Supreme Court is considering that question today, and while it sounds very much hypothetical, it has very real and serious implications. Consider the case of 10-year-old Abigail, who had long QT syndrome, a serious heart disease. There is a genetic test that can detect the disease, but the long QT genes were patented, and for two years the only lab that could legally perform the test was not testing. During those two years, Abigail died. The idea that corporations can patent genes is disturbing and in some cases deadly — but it is the law, at least for now. Today&#8217;s case could produce a landmark ruling that either allows corporations to go further to lock up genes with exclusive patents, or unshackles human genes, allowing doctors and researcher to work more freely in combating deadly diseases. (MORE: Study Identifies Four Genetic Markers for Childhood Obesity) People’s genes can say a great deal about their health. There are genes that reveal an increased likelihood of getting cancer, heart disease or Alzheimer’s. Today’s case focuses on two genes that have genetic mutations that can indicate a higher risk of breast and ovarian cancer. When doctors know that a woman carries these genes — BRCA1 and BRCA2 — they can provide appropriate and often life-saving treatments. Unfortunately for carriers of the BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene, a Salt Lake City–based company called Myriad Genetics asserts that it has a patent over “isolated” forms of these two genes. That means that Myriad has exclusive control over testing for BRCA1 and BRCA2. That is a too much power to put in one company — and the stakes are high. Medical experts have told the court that Myriad’s patents have led to people being misdiagnosed. One study found that models used by Myriad significantly underestimate the presence of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations among Asian-American women. (MORE: Viewpoint: We Need to Rethink Rehab) Gene patents can also<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=ideas.time.com&#038;blog=27622548&#038;post=31271&#038;subd=timeopinions&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
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		<title>Four Myths About Millennials</title>
		<link>http://ideas.time.com/2013/04/12/four-myths-about-millennials/</link>
		<comments>http://ideas.time.com/2013/04/12/four-myths-about-millennials/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 12 Apr 2013 09:45:36 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Chelsea Clinton</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Business & Tech]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Health & Science]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Internet]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Labor]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[cell phones]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[derrius quarles]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Drew Heckman]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[emily santos]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[henry osman]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[krupa desai]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[millennials]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[money]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Moussa Hassoung]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[myths]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[patrick oathout]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://ideas.time.com/?p=30665</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Millennials are often portrayed as apathetic, disinterested, tuned out and selfish. None of those adjectives describe the Millennials I’ve been privileged to meet and work with. Fresh from Clinton Global Initiative University (CGI U) 2013, my father and I just spent the weekend with more than 1,000 college and university students — Millennials — from around the world at Washington University in St. Louis. Every student who attended made what we at CGI U call ‘commitments’ — specific pledges to tackle a specific challenge, whether on their campus or a continent away. Attendees came from more than 300 colleges and universities, all 50 states and over 75 countries and their commitments ranged across equally diverse areas, including education, climate change, gender inequality, poverty alleviation and public health. CGI U left me both exhilarated and exhausted, but above all, inspired. I left St. Louis incredibly optimistic about our future. (MORE: How Minority Millennials Are Driving Politics) It&#8217;s not that the young people I met aren&#8217;t aware of the negative stereotypes of them out there. Some of the critiques against them do contain insight. But Millennials are actually remixing their generation&#8217;s vices into virtues that are informing their ambitions, their work and helping make the world a better place. Here&#8217;s how: 1. They&#8217;re All about the Money It&#8217;s a widely-held belief that Millennials are obsessed with money. And it’s also wildly true. Just don’t mistake it for a fixation with getting rich. After all, a survey of university graduates by consulting firm PwC shows that flexible hours and job development trump cash in their ideal workplace. The young people I met and listened to at CGI U were focused on money in the sense of getting back to real growth in the developed world, ensuring that prosperity is more widely shared in the developed and developing world, and for the United States, fixing our long-term fiscal challenges (there was even a fierce competition to see which students led the best campaigns to raise Millennials&#8217; awareness of the soaring national debt). Take CGI<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=ideas.time.com&#038;blog=27622548&#038;post=30665&#038;subd=timeopinions&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
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		<title>Do Men Really Have a Biological Clock?</title>
		<link>http://ideas.time.com/2013/04/11/do-men-really-have-a-biological-clock/</link>
		<comments>http://ideas.time.com/2013/04/11/do-men-really-have-a-biological-clock/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 11 Apr 2013 11:20:48 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Amy Tuteur, M.D.</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Family]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Health & Science]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Life & Style]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Medicine]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Society]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[autism]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[biological clock]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[paternal age]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[schizophrenia]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://ideas.time.com/?p=22070</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[The news that autism and schizophrenia may be related to paternal age has brought mixed feeling to the legions of women who have long been warned about the dangers of trying to have children too late. Finally, it seems that the imperative to reproduce sooner rather than later will fall on prospective fathers as well as mothers. But calling this new awareness of the health risks of paternal age a &#8216;biological clock&#8217; is somewhat misleading as the issues men and women face have profoundly different implications (for more, read Jeffrey Kluger&#8217;s story in the new issue of TIME, available to subscribers here). The term originally had nothing to do with fertility. In the medical literature, it referred to the mysterious mechanism behind recurrent biological changes—daily shifts in body temperature, for example—and applied to men, women and amoebas alike. But during the 1970s, as women began flooding the work force, it began to be used—often by men—as the temporal waning of a woman&#8217;s ability to conceive, the force that ends ovulation and brings on menopause.  &#8221;The clock is ticking for the career woman,&#8221; warned Richard Cohen in the Washington Post in 1978. (MORE: Can You Afford to Start Parenting at Middle Age?) Today the biological clock refers to the drop off in female fertility after the age of 35, a decline that can begin even earlier. According to the American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG), “age is a significant factor influencing women’s ability to conceive.” A classic study of artificial insemination showed that after 12 cycles, 74% of women younger than 31 became pregnant, compared to 54% of women more than 35 years old. Moreover, when older women do get pregnant, the chance of having a miscarriage rises dramatically. Although a woman&#8217;s risk of bearing a child with a disorder like Trisomy 21 (Down&#8217;s Syndrome) also rises after the age of 35, the biological clock really refers to whether she can conceive at all. (The fact that the cut-off point varies from woman to woman only brings more uncertainty and anxiety.) For men,<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=ideas.time.com&#038;blog=27622548&#038;post=22070&#038;subd=timeopinions&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
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		<title>Viewpoint: Good Guys Can Win at Work</title>
		<link>http://ideas.time.com/2013/04/10/viewpoint-nice-guys-can-win-at-work/</link>
		<comments>http://ideas.time.com/2013/04/10/viewpoint-nice-guys-can-win-at-work/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 10 Apr 2013 09:45:48 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Adam Grant</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Business & Tech]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Health & Science]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Life & Style]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Psychology]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[corporate success]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[generosity]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[givers]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[takers]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://ideas.time.com/?p=30602</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[We all know successful people who are self-serving at work, who take more than they offer. In a cutthroat, competitive world, they tend to dominate givers, colleagues who happily contribute without necessarily expecting anything in return. According to conventional wisdom, being a giver means leaving ourselves vulnerable to exhaustion — and exploitation by takers. Offer a client a one-time discount, and you might get stuck with it for a decade. Volunteer to help colleagues solve problems, and you’ll end up burning the midnight oil, running out of time and energy to get your own work done. Advise and champion a high-potential mentee, and you could very well be passed over for your next promotion. (MORE: Sheryl Sandberg: Why I Want Women to Lean In) Recognizing the perils of generosity, many of us protect ourselves by waiting until we achieve success, and then start giving back professionally. Along the way, we reserve our giving for families, friends, charity, and volunteer activities outside the workplace. On the job, we’re careful to live our lives in the middle. We become matchers, striving to maintain an equal balance of giving and getting. A matcher is helpful enough to be a good person, but not so generous to be a sucker and sacrifice his or her own success. But after studying these dynamics for the past decade, I&#8217;ve uncovered a paradox. Yes, there are a lot of givers who have low promotion and productivity rates, but givers also rise to the top. For example, studies show that although the engineers with the lowest productivity are givers, so are the engineers with the highest productivity. The same pattern emerges across a wide range of occupations. In medical school, the givers are the students with both the lowest grades and the highest grades. In my own research with hundreds of sales people, I’ve found that those who generate the lowest revenue are givers, as are those who generate the highest. The takers and matchers are more likely to land somewhere in between. And across many industries, from banking<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=ideas.time.com&#038;blog=27622548&#038;post=30602&#038;subd=timeopinions&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
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	<primary_category>Business &amp; Tech</primary_category><primary_category_link>http://ideas.time.com/category/business-tech/</primary_category_link><featured_image>http://timeopinions.files.wordpress.com/2013/04/57539411.jpg?w=240</featured_image>
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		<title>What Celebrities Can Teach Us About Death</title>
		<link>http://ideas.time.com/2013/04/10/what-celebrities-can-teach-us-about-death/</link>
		<comments>http://ideas.time.com/2013/04/10/what-celebrities-can-teach-us-about-death/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 10 Apr 2013 09:45:37 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Erica Brown</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Arts & Entertainment]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Life & Style]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Psychology]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Society]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Art Buchwald]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[celebrity]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[death]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Roger Ebert]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Terry Pratchett]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Valerie Harper]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://ideas.time.com/?p=30632</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Only a day before Roger Ebert&#8217;s death, the film critic, who had thyroid cancer since 2002, announced publicly that he was “taking a leave of presence.” This was clever, but most of us were unprepared for the news. Contrast this with Valerie Harper’s proactively transparent approach. “I don’t think of dying. I think of being here now,” Harper said in a recent People interview. Harper, who was diagnosed with terminal brain cancer, has been refreshingly open about her illness. “I feel so much better not hiding,” she said in an interview on NBC. Although she excused celebrities who want to stay private, she felt really good being open, saying, “If you die, you are not a failure. You’re just somebody who had cancer.” It used to be that Hollywood stars seem to last forever until, suddenly, they disappear. That’s what Gary Cooper did in the 1960s. He had cancer for almost a year, but his adoring fans only realized something was wrong when Jimmy Stewart picked up his Oscar for him that spring in tears. (MORE: Roger Ebert: Farewell to a Film Legend and a Friend) It&#8217;s understandable that people who build their reputations on images have a hard time being straight with us about their final days. But we can learn a lot more from celebrities who buck the trend and, having spent a lifetime in the public eye, do not shy away from it in death. Take Art Buchwald. When he suffered a stroke and subsequent amputation, he told Diane Rehm on the radio from his hospice bed that it was time to go. He discussed his living will on CNN. Then he went into hospice living long enough to write another book, Too Soon to Say Goodbye. When he did finally die in January 2007, his son posted a video of him the following day, saying: “Hi. I’m Art Buchwald, and I just died.” Buchwald did us a public service by helping us talk about what no one wants to talk about: we will all die, eventually, and to the<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=ideas.time.com&#038;blog=27622548&#038;post=30632&#038;subd=timeopinions&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
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			<media:title type="html">Roger Ebert</media:title>
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		<title>Viewpoint: ADHD Isn&#8217;t A Metaphor</title>
		<link>http://ideas.time.com/2013/04/09/viewpoint-adhd-isnt-a-metaphor/</link>
		<comments>http://ideas.time.com/2013/04/09/viewpoint-adhd-isnt-a-metaphor/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 09 Apr 2013 09:45:19 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Judith Warner</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Children]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Family]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Health & Science]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Life & Style]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Medical Insider]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Medicine]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Psychology]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Public Health]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ADHD]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[CDC]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Medicated Child]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://ideas.time.com/?p=30570</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Let’s say that rates of ADHD diagnoses among kids in America are continually rising. Let’s say that stimulant medication use — both prescribed by doctors, and as the result of illegal trade with friends —  is on the rise, too. What do we make of that information? What do we do with it? In particular, how do we use it to improve children’s and teenagers’ lives? The answers speak volumes about where we are as a society and where we ought to be headed. The default response, every time we get news about any sort of uptick in the diagnosis and treatment of children’s mental disorders, is to issue condemnations of bad parents, bad doctors, bad teachers, and bad schools. (Not to mention big bad pharma, of course, which, it seems, will never rise from the bed of nails it has built for itself  over the years.) A more thoughtful response would be to ask what the rise means. Are more children with the disorder who previously went unnoticed — girls, African Americans, Latinos, notably — now being identified and counted? We know that’s true, and it accounts for some of the rise. Does the increased social acceptability of the ADHD diagnosis mean that it’s the “label” doctors are most likely to stick on kids who, in addition to distractibility, have a whole host of more scary-sounding problems, in the hope of getting reluctant parents to sign on for some sort of treatment? Does the decreased stigma surrounding ADHD (the commonly-heard, “everyone has it, so it’s no big deal” view) mean that parents who’ve been told their kids have “attention issues” in addition to, say, a learning disability or a mood disorder, will cling to — and report to survey-wielding researchers — just the banal-sounding ADHD label? (MORE: The Myth of the Overmedicated American Teen) And, much more troublingly, are children who don’t have the disorder now being diagnosed and treated for it? And, if so, where is this happening, how is it happening, and why? The raw, unanalyzed, not-yet-peer-reviewed numbers that the New York Times, bizarrely, led<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=ideas.time.com&#038;blog=27622548&#038;post=30570&#038;subd=timeopinions&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
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			<media:title type="html">ADHD</media:title>
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		<title>How to Raise a Group&#8217;s IQ</title>
		<link>http://ideas.time.com/2013/04/08/how-to-raise-a-groups-iq/</link>
		<comments>http://ideas.time.com/2013/04/08/how-to-raise-a-groups-iq/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 08 Apr 2013 09:45:40 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Annie Murphy Paul</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Brilliant: The Science of Smart]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Business & Tech]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Health & Science]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Psychology]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Small Business]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Anita Williams Wooley]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[group]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[IQ]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[project]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Sandy Pentland]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[What makes a group intelligent? That is: What enables a team of people to effectively solve problems and produce solutions? You might think a group&#8217;s IQ would be simply the average intelligence of the group&#8217;s members, or perhaps the intelligence of the team&#8217;s smartest participant. But researchers who study groups have found that this isn&#8217;t so. (MORE: Four Ways to Give Good Feedback) Rather, a group&#8217;s intelligence emerges from the interactions that go on within the group. A team&#8217;s intelligence can be measured, and like an individual&#8217;s IQ score, it can accurately predict the team&#8217;s performance on a wide variety of tasks. And just as an individual&#8217;s intelligence is malleable and expandable, a group&#8217;s intelligence can also be increased. Here are five suggestions on how to guide the development of smart teams: 1. Choose team members carefully. The smartest groups are composed of people who are good at reading one another&#8217;s social cues, according to a study led by Carnegie Mellon University professor Anita Williams Woolley and published in the journal Science. (Woolley and her collaborators also found that groups that included a greater number of women were more intelligent, but the researchers think this is because women tend to be more socially sensitive than men.) (MORE: Why I Want Women to Lean In, by Sheryl Sandberg) 2. Talk about the &#8220;how.&#8221; Many members of teams don&#8217;t like to spend time talking about &#8220;process,&#8221; preferring to get right down to work — but Woolley notes that groups who take the time to discuss how they will work together are ultimately more efficient and effective. 3. Share the floor. On the most intelligent teams, found Woolley et al., members take turns speaking. Participants who dominate the discussion or who hang back and don&#8217;t say much bring down the intelligence of the group. Alex &#8220;Sandy&#8221; Pentland, an MIT professor who studies group dynamics, has found that in smart teams, members connect directly with one another — not just with the team leader — and they&#8217;re constantly engaging in &#8220;back channel&#8221; or side conversations that supplement the main discussion. (MORE: Highlighting Is<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=ideas.time.com&#038;blog=27622548&#038;post=30558&#038;subd=timeopinions&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
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			<media:title type="html">Group IQ</media:title>
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		<title>Viewpoint: We Need to Rethink Rehab</title>
		<link>http://ideas.time.com/2013/04/03/we-need-to-rethink-rehab/</link>
		<comments>http://ideas.time.com/2013/04/03/we-need-to-rethink-rehab/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 03 Apr 2013 09:45:57 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>David Sheff</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Family]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Health & Science]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Life & Style]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Medicine]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Psychology]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[AA]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[addiction]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[American Society of Addiction Medicine]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Beautiful Boy]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[evidence-based treatment]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Nic Sheff]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[rehab]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[rehab programs]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[twelve-step]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[When my son Nic became addicted to methamphetamine and other drugs, I was panicked, overwhelmed and desperate to save his life but had no idea what to do. I’d heard about rehab, where you send people with drug problems, but I soon learned that there’s no standard definition of it; instead it’s a generic word for a wide variety of treatments, including some that are outrageous. Past-life therapy? Exorcism? Tough-love programs in which patients are made to scrub bathroom tiles with a toothbrush or cut grass with scissors? Even in more-typical rehabilitation programs, patients are not seen by licensed practitioners — no doctors or psychologists — only self-anointed “experts” with no training or credentials, unless you count their own recoveries from addiction to heroin, alcohol or other drugs. (MORE: Q&#38;A with Anne Fletcher: What Really Goes On in Drug Rehab) I chose a rehab center for Nic that was recommended by a friend who had sent her son there. The program lasted 28 days, after which he relapsed. Over the next six years, he was admitted to six residential treatment programs and four outpatient programs. He would do better for a while, but then relapse. Each relapse was crushing. I thought he might die. Every year in the U.S., 120,000 people die of addiction. That&#8217;s 350 a day. I&#8217;ve already written about my experience with Nic, but for my new book, Clean, I wanted to understand why so many suffer and die. So I undertook an investigation of the treatment system that so often fails. I learned that no one actually knows how often treatment works, but an oft-quoted number of those who abstain from using for a year after rehab is 30%. Even that figure is probably high. “The therapeutic community claims a 30% success rate, but they only count people who complete the program,” according to Joseph A. Califano Jr., founder of the National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse and a former U.S. Secretary of Health, Education and Welfare. “Seventy to eighty percent drop out in three to<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=ideas.time.com&#038;blog=27622548&#038;post=30243&#038;subd=timeopinions&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
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